Second Skin

Goal:

To explore the definition and purpose of modesty and privacy by visibly displaying the physiological signals projected by our skin, while still adhering to social acceptability in both modesty and fashion.

Inspiration: See my previous post.

Background:

A blush (face region) or flush (the rest of the body) is the slight to sever reddening of the skin which occurs due to blood vessels near the skin dilating, allowing more blood to come to the surface of the body and therefore more heat to radiate form the body. The causes of blushing and flushing are varied, but can often be due to involuntary reactions  For example, people blush and flush when they are sexually aroused, angry, or embarrassed.  Though involuntary, these bodily signals do seem to be direct, purposeful responses meant to communicate with those around us.  For example, studies have shown that children do not start blushing until they are about school age, when they start interacting in social situations.  Additionally, Dr. Peter D. Drummond has done studies that demonstrate that people blush more on the side of the body that other people can see. Most interesting are studies that show people who blush are better liked and accepted.  It seems that, contrary to what you might think, showing your inner emotions is a good thing. Whether it’s warning those around you that you are angry or displaying that you know you did wrong and feel bad about it.

Mechanism:

Though it is hard to replicate these slight skin color changes on cloth, the high correlation between deeper blushing (more red) and higher heat – both results of increased blood flow – mean that mood rings aren’t that far off.  Mood rings are made of thermochromic liquid crystals that reflect different colors at different temperatures. Though it is hard to map a specific mood to a specific temperature (color), material that changes color due to more blood flow (higher temperature) acts very similarly to how skin changes color due to more blood flow.  Though crude, creating “mood clothing” is a low tech, time conserving and cost saving way to try to display the skin’s signals on the cloth that covers the skin.

Design:

Once a reasonable method was determined (thermochromic liquid crystals), the next step was to find liquid crystals and an adequate clothing item to apply them to.

Since the goal of this project was to maintain modesty, while still being somewhat fashionable, clothing that was decently concealing was needed.  At the same time, it had to be tight enough to allow sufficient heat transfer between the skin and the clothing. For these reasons, a form-fitting black dress of moderate length and long sleeves was chosen.  A longer dress could not have been form fitting around the legs and still allowed movement, while an all black body suit would not have been very fashionable.  Additonally, the design of the applied liquid crystals needed to be fashionable, but also tasteful. Covering the dress in luqid crystals would be tacky and too revealing. A design was chosen to conveniently leave areas with limited skin contact, like cleavage, belly button and groin areas.

Construction:

First, the dress was marked with the areas to avoid, then the luqid crystal sheets were cut to size and applied with double sided tape.  I used a template and created a grid using tape to help keep the pattern aligned.  After placing all the squares of liquid crystals, I removed the templates and grid.

You can purchase thermochromic liquid crystals in sheets or as paints.  Some suppliers are:

Edmund Scientific

LCR Hallcrest

Note that they can be designed for various temperature ranges.  Since this project was looking at the skin temperature in the core of the body, liquid crystals active over 30-35°C were selected.  If you are looking for liquid crystals to be active by touching them with your hands, a range of 25-30°C may be more appropriate.  Also, since a dynamic color range was desired, liquid crystals were chosen.  If you only desire a single color change at a specific temperature, thermochromic ink can be used instead. This is how hypercolor (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercolor ) t-shirts work.

Results: And here it is! Check out Brooke’s blog for her experience wearing the dress for a day.

More info on blushing, thermochromic liquid crystals, skin temperature and other such things:

Mark Changizi’s article on vision evolution

Why Do We Blush? (http://www.thercg.org/youth/odds/0402-wdwb.html)

NYT Article on Blushing (http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/02/health/02mind.html)

How Stuff Works article on blushing (http://health.howstuffworks.com/blush1.htm)

Handbook of Thermochromic Liquid Crystal Tehcnology (http://www.davisliquidcrystals.com/downloads/RT006%20randtk_TLC_Handbook.pdf)

Temperature of Healthy Human Skin (http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/AbantyFarzana.shtml)